← Internet

Works Cited

Sources cited.

  1. Aboulafia, Mitchell. 2022. "George Herbert Mead." In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Edward N. Zalta. Stanford, CA: Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. link ↗
  2. Adarlo, Sharon. 2025. "People Jabbing Themselves With Black Market 'GLP-3' Drugs." Futurism, December 29. link ↗
  3. Aesthetics Wiki Contributors. 2024. "Brat Summer." Aesthetics Wiki, Fandom. link ↗
  4. Allen, Jonathan, and Henry J. Gomez. 2024. "Trump Records a 3-Hour Podcast Interview with Joe Rogan." NBC News, October 25. link ↗
  5. Bassett, Caroline. 2019. "The Computational Therapeutic: Exploring Weizenbaum's ELIZA as a History of the Present." AI & Society 34(4):803–812. link ↗
  6. Bennett, Andy. 2020. "Hebdige, Punk and the Post-subcultural Meaning of Style." Pp. 13–28 in Subcultures, Bodies and Spaces, edited by S. Baker, B. Robards, and B. Buttigieg. Cham: Springer. link ↗
  7. Best, Shaun. 2019. "Liquid Love: Zygmunt Bauman's Thesis on Sex Revisited." Sexualities 22(7–8):1094–1109. link ↗
  8. Bicchieri, Cristina, Eugen Dimant, and Erik O. Kimbrough. 2023. "Social Norms and Behavior Change: The Interdisciplinary Research Frontier." Preprint, arXiv:2305.14821. link ↗
  9. Bond, Shannon. 2024. "How Trump and Vance's Tour of Dude Influencers Might Help Them Win." NPR, September 20. link ↗
  10. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2023. "The Mechanical Turk: AI Marvel or Parlor Trick?" Encyclopaedia Britannica. link ↗
  11. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2024. "Murray Edelman: American Political Scientist." Encyclopaedia Britannica. link ↗
  12. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2023. "Pseudo-Event." Encyclopaedia Britannica. link ↗
  13. Bullingham, Liam, and Ana C. Vasconcelos. 2013. "'The Presentation of Self in the Online World': Goffman and the Study of Online Identities." Journal of Information Science 39(1):101–112. link ↗
  14. Cole, Samantha. 2023. "'It's Hurting Like Hell': AI Companion Users Are In Crisis, Reporting Sudden Sexual Rejection." Vice, February 15. link ↗
  15. Dillinger, Katherine. 2023. "Surgeon General Lays Out Framework to Tackle Loneliness and 'Mend the Social Fabric of Our Nation.'" CNN, May 2. link ↗
  16. Dorrier, Jason. 2023. "Microsoft's New AI Can Clone Your Voice in Just 3 Seconds." Singularity Hub, January 12. link ↗
  17. Duignan, Brian. 2024. "Anomie." In Encyclopaedia Britannica. link ↗
  18. Ferris, Kerry, and Jill Stein. 2024. The Real World: An Introduction to Sociology. 8th ed. New York: W. W. Norton. link ↗
  19. Frey, William H. 2024. "What the Nation Told Us in 2024, State by State." Brookings Institution, November 22. link ↗
  20. Garber, Megan. 2014. "Saving the Lost Art of Conversation." The Atlantic, January/February. link ↗
  21. Gecas, Viktor, and Teresa Tsushima. 2018. "Symbolic Interactionism." International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Encyclopedia.com. link ↗
  22. Giles, David C. 2002. "Parasocial Interaction: A Review of the Literature and a Model for Future Research." Media Psychology 4(3):279–305. link ↗
  23. Ging, Debbie. 2019. "Alphas, Betas, and Incels: Theorizing the Masculinities of the Manosphere." Men and Masculinities 22(4):638–657. link ↗
  24. Gold, Hadas. 2025. "More Families Sue Character.AI Developer, Alleging App Played a Role in Teens' Suicide and Suicide Attempt." CNN Business, September 16. link ↗
  25. Hartig, Hannah, Scott Keeter, Andrew Daniller, and Ted Van Green. 2025. "How Voting Patterns Changed in the 2024 Election: A Detailed Analysis." Pew Research Center, June 26. link ↗
  26. Herman, Ellen. 2012. "Harry F. Harlow, Monkey Love Experiments." The Adoption History Project, University of Oregon. link ↗
  27. Know Your Meme. 2024. "Brat Summer." Know Your Meme. link ↗
  28. Lewis, Yolaine. 2024. "Meet the First Spanish AI Model Earning up to €10,000 per Month." Euronews, December 27. link ↗
  29. Manchester, Julia. 2025. "Musk Wields Chainsaw Onstage at CPAC, Touting DOGE Cuts." The Hill, February 20. link ↗
  30. Marcus, Greil. 2024. "Guy Debord: French Political Theorist, Filmmaker, and Author." Encyclopaedia Britannica. link ↗
  31. Martin, James. 2023. "Antonio Gramsci." In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Edward N. Zalta and Uri Nodelman. Stanford, CA: Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. link ↗
  32. Martinez, Angel. 2024. "Inside edtwt, the Eating Disorder Community Thriving on X." Dazed, October 30. link ↗
  33. Marwick, Alice E., and danah boyd. 2011. "I Tweet Honestly, I Tweet Passionately: Twitter Users, Context Collapse, and the Imagined Audience." New Media & Society 13(1):114–133. link ↗
  34. Mayo Clinic Staff. 2023. "Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder: Symptoms and Causes." Mayo Clinic. link ↗
  35. Meyer, David. 2023. "A Spanish Influencer Agency Got Sick of Models with Egos. So They Created Their Own with AI—and She's Earning $11,000 a Month." Fortune, November 23. link ↗
  36. Mohan, Neal. 2023. "MrBeast, Now in Spanish! Say Hello to Multi-Language Audio on YouTube." YouTube Official Blog, February 23. link ↗
  37. Moore, Edward. 2005. "Gnosticism." Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. link ↗
  38. Music Times Staff. 2024. "Charli XCX's 'Brat' Named Collins Dictionary Word of the Year." Music Times, November. link ↗
  39. Navigator Research. 2024. "2024 Post-Election Survey: Gender and Age Analysis of 2024 Election Results." Global Strategy Group and GBAO Strategies, November. link ↗
  40. Newsweek Staff. 2024. "What Is 'Brat Summer'? Charli XCX Album Becomes a Cultural Movement." Newsweek, July. link ↗
  41. Payne, Kate. 2025. "In Lawsuit Over Teen's Death, Judge Rejects Arguments That AI Chatbots Have Free-Speech Rights." Associated Press / Free Speech Center, May 22. link ↗
  42. Peters, Gerhard, and John T. Woolley. 2026. "Executive Orders." The American Presidency Project. Santa Barbara: University of California, Santa Barbara. link ↗
  43. Petruzzello, Melissa. 2024. "Predestination." Encyclopaedia Britannica. link ↗
  44. Pitcher, Laura. 2026. "Doctors Debunk Clavicular's Beauty Routine, Step by Step." Dazed, March 25. link ↗
  45. Pugh, Allison J. 2008. "Book Review: Eva Illouz, Cold Intimacies: The Making of Emotional Capitalism." Cultural Sociology 2(1):130–132. link ↗
  46. Putnam, Robert D. 1995. "Bowling Alone: America's Declining Social Capital." Journal of Democracy 6(1):65–78. link ↗
  47. Rajanala, Susruthi, Mayra B. C. Maymone, and Neelam A. Vashi. 2018. "Selfies—Living in the Era of Filtered Photographs." JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery 20(6):443–444. link ↗
  48. r/popheads. 2024. "Brat Summer Has Become a Cultural Phenomenon." Reddit Discussion Thread. link ↗
  49. r/popculturechat. 2024. "Is Brat Summer Almost Entirely Online?" Reddit Discussion Thread. link ↗
  50. Renshaw, Jarrett. 2025. "Trump's DOGE No Longer Exists, US Personnel Chief Says." Reuters, November 23. link ↗
  51. Roose, Kevin. 2024. "Can A.I. Be Blamed for a Teen's Suicide?" The New York Times, October 23. link ↗
  52. Sariel, Aviram. 2023. "Jonasian Gnosticism." Harvard Theological Review 116(1):91–122. link ↗
  53. Smith, Greg. 2024. "Erving Goffman: Symbolic Interactionism, Dramaturgy, and Stigma." Encyclopaedia Britannica. link ↗
  54. Solea, Anda Iulia, and Lisa Sugiura. 2025. "Digital Subcultural Diffusion Theory: Rebranding the Incel Ideology Through Looksmaxxing, Sub5s and the PSL Scale." Crime, Media, Culture, online first. doi:10.1177/17416590251387245. link ↗
  55. Stocking, Galen, Michael Lipka, Luxuan Wang, Christopher St. Aubin, and Jacob Liedke. 2025. "How News Influencers Talked about Trump and Harris during the 2024 Election." Pew Research Center, February 6. link ↗
  56. Uenuma, Francine. 2024. "Why the Computer Scientist Behind the World's First Chatbot Dedicated His Life to Publicizing the Threat Posed by A.I." Smithsonian Magazine. link ↗
  57. Vaidhyanathan, Siva. 2012. "Planet of the Apps." Bookforum, June/July/August. Review of Arlie Russell Hochschild's The Outsourced Self. link ↗
  58. van Rosmalen, Lenny, René van der Veer, and Frank C. P. van der Horst. 2020. "The Nature of Love: Harlow, Bowlby and Bettelheim on Affectionless Mothers." History of Psychiatry 31(2):227–231. link ↗
  59. Vaswani, Ashish, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, Łukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin. 2017. "Attention Is All You Need." Pp. 5998–6008 in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30. arXiv:1706.03762. link ↗
  60. Vogue Business Staff. 2024. "How 'Brat Summer' Generated Millions in Media Value for Fashion Brands." Vogue Business, August. link ↗
  61. Wagner, Erich. 2025. "Project 2025 Wanted to Hobble the Federal Workforce. DOGE Has Hastily Done That, and More." Government Executive, April. link ↗
  62. Yeo, Gladys. 2021. "K-Pop's Virtual Future: Aespa, Eternity, and the Rise of Digital Performers." South China Morning Post, June 24. link ↗
  63. Yeung, King-To, and John Levi Martin. 2003. "The Looking Glass Self: An Empirical Test and Elaboration." Social Forces 81(3):843–879. link ↗
  64. Zeidan, Adam. 2024. "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism." Encyclopaedia Britannica. link ↗